Economic turmoil and emerging security concerns. 


The global environment is rapidly changing. Geopolitical competition, politics of containment, competitive coexistence, arms race, the development of nascent technologies, and increasing utilization of incipient trends in warfare have replaced liberal cooperation, institutionalism, and complex interdependence.

Pakistan's national security problems can get worse in this setting, especially when the economy of Pakistan is terrible. The economic climate in Pakistan is extremely turbulent. For the fiscal year ending in June 2023, the "Asian Development Perspective 2022 Supplement" report from the Asian Development Bank states that a tight monetary stance, high inflation, and an unfavorable international environment will slow the economic expansion.


In addition, this report included the information that Pakistan's economic growth has been slowed down as a result of floods.


Pakistan's economy was facing serious difficulties prior to the floods. The policymakers of Pakistan are unable to fulfill these financial promises.


Pakistan is on the verge of bankruptcy due to structural issues in its economy.


Additionally, Pakistani facilities are becoming more vulnerable to both conventional and hybrid threats to Pakistan's national security as a result of these economic difficulties.


In the traditional sense, China's and the United States' geopolitical rivalry is creating a cascading effect that affects all nations.


The Stockholm International Peace Research Institute (SIPRI) says that governments around the world are spending more on defenses.


The US defense budget will for the first time surpass 2 trillion in 2022. In addition, European nations are increasing their defense budgets as a result of the war in Ukraine.


The Indian bulwark budget will exceed $76.5 billion, according to the Stockholm International Peace Research Institute (SIPRI).


A recent report stated that India would deploy 120 Pralay missiles near the border between China and Pakistan.


India is rapidly expanding its arsenal with new weapons. Pakistan has always maintained a conventional balance with India in order to maintain strategic stability; however, the country's current economic commitments may make it difficult for it to provide complete security.


Additionally, there has been an increase in research and development in bulwark cognate fields. A lot of money is being spent by nations on new technology and research and development.


There is a 17 percent increase in India. 57% increase in the budget for Defense Research and Development (R&D) from 2021 to 2022.


Industry, new businesses, and academic institutions each receive 25% of the R&D budget.


In addition, the procurement and research budget for the US Department of Defense indicates that it will spend between $800 million and $1.3 billion on AI in 2020.


It also spent between $1.7 billion and $3.5 billion on autonomous and uncrewed systems. Pakistan will need to increase its spending on its defenses to keep up with these technologies.


Pakistan's weak economy, on the other hand, could make it harder for the country to defend itself against hybrid threats.


The enemy can easily use hybrid weapons to intensify information and cognitive warfare in order to create distance between individuals and institutions.


Additionally, it becomes easier for extremists and terrorists to recruit additional individuals. In order to accomplish their goals, states employ information warfare as propaganda against other states.


In this economic climate, the regime would only be able to spend a small amount on human development if it increased its bulwark spending as a result of the international environment.


To solve Pakistan's economic problems, the Pakistani government, political parties, and other important institutions must work together.


The economic structure of Pakistan requires long-term economic reforms. Since political parties lack democracy, structural economic reform cannot be accomplished without reforming our political system.


Consequently, elite individuals enter the policy corridors. They are not authorized to adopt policies that will be detrimental to their interests.


In addition, every institution ought to function independently of outside influences. In conclusion, emerging technologies, trends in spending, the spread of warfare, and the international security environment all pose significant threats to Pakistan's national security.


Therefore, it is imperative that all political leaders meet together to devise a strategy for economic growth.